✖Threshold voltage of NMOS without body bias is the minimum input voltage required to switch an NMOS transistor when no additional bias voltage is applied to the substrate (body).ⓘ Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias [V_T0,n]			+10% -10%
✖Transconductance ratio is the ratio of the transconductance of one device (e.g., transistor) to another, often used to compare or characterize their performance or behavior in circuits.ⓘ Transconductance Ratio [K_r]			+10% -10%
✖Supply voltage refers to the voltage level provided by a power source to an electrical circuit or device, serving as the potential difference for current flow and operation.ⓘ Supply Voltage [V_DD]			+10% -10%
✖Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias CMOS is defined as the threshold voltage of the PMOS when substrate terminal is at ground (0) voltage.ⓘ Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias [V_T0,p]			+10% -10%

✖Threshold voltage is the minimum input voltage required to switch a semiconductor device, such as a transistor, from its non-conducting to its conducting state, initiating the desired operation.ⓘ Threshold Voltage CMOS [V_th]

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Formula

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Threshold Voltage CMOS

Formula

`"V"_{"th"} = ("V"_{"T0,n"}+sqrt(1/"K"_{"r"})*("V"_{"DD"}+("V"_{"T0,p"})))/(1+sqrt(1/"K"_{"r"}))`

Example

`"1.374852V"=("0.6V"+sqrt(1/"2.5")*("3.3V"+("-0.7V")))/(1+sqrt(1/"2.5"))`

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Threshold Voltage CMOS Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Threshold Voltage = (Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)*(Supply Voltage+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)))/(1+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio))
V_th = (V_T0,n+sqrt(1/K_r)*(V_DD+(V_T0,p)))/(1+sqrt(1/K_r))
This formula uses 1 Functions, 5 Variables

Functions Used

sqrt - A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number., sqrt(Number)

Variables Used

Threshold Voltage - (Measured in Volt) - Threshold voltage is the minimum input voltage required to switch a semiconductor device, such as a transistor, from its non-conducting to its conducting state, initiating the desired operation.
Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias - (Measured in Volt) - Threshold voltage of NMOS without body bias is the minimum input voltage required to switch an NMOS transistor when no additional bias voltage is applied to the substrate (body).
Transconductance Ratio - Transconductance ratio is the ratio of the transconductance of one device (e.g., transistor) to another, often used to compare or characterize their performance or behavior in circuits.
Supply Voltage - (Measured in Volt) - Supply voltage refers to the voltage level provided by a power source to an electrical circuit or device, serving as the potential difference for current flow and operation.
Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias - (Measured in Volt) - Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias CMOS is defined as the threshold voltage of the PMOS when substrate terminal is at ground (0) voltage.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias: 0.6 Volt --> 0.6 Volt No Conversion Required
Transconductance Ratio: 2.5 --> No Conversion Required
Supply Voltage: 3.3 Volt --> 3.3 Volt No Conversion Required
Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias: -0.7 Volt --> -0.7 Volt No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

V_th = (V_T0,n+sqrt(1/K_r)*(V_DD+(V_T0,p)))/(1+sqrt(1/K_r)) --> (0.6+sqrt(1/2.5)*(3.3+((-0.7))))/(1+sqrt(1/2.5))

Evaluating ... ...

V_th = 1.37485177344559

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

1.37485177344559 Volt --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

1.37485177344559 ≈ 1.374852 Volt <-- Threshold Voltage

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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< 16 CMOS Inverters Calculators

Propagation Delay for Low to High Output Transition CMOS

Go Time for Low to High Transition of Output = (Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance/(Transconductance of PMOS*(Supply Voltage-abs(Threshold Voltage of PMOS with Body Bias))))*(((2*abs(Threshold Voltage of PMOS with Body Bias))/(Supply Voltage-abs(Threshold Voltage of PMOS with Body Bias)))+ln((4*(Supply Voltage-abs(Threshold Voltage of PMOS with Body Bias))/Supply Voltage)-1))

Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS

Go Time for High to Low Transition of Output = (Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance/(Transconductance of NMOS*(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias)))*((2*Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias/(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias))+ln((4*(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias)/Supply Voltage)-1))

Resistive Load Minimum Output Voltage CMOS

Go Resistive Load Minimum Output Voltage = Supply Voltage-Zero Bias Threshold Voltage+(1/(Transconductance of NMOS*Load Resistance))-sqrt((Supply Voltage-Zero Bias Threshold Voltage+(1/(Transconductance of NMOS*Load Resistance)))^2-(2*Supply Voltage/(Transconductance of NMOS*Load Resistance)))

Threshold Voltage CMOS

Go Threshold Voltage = (Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)*(Supply Voltage+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)))/(1+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio))

Maximum Input Voltage CMOS

Go Maximum Input Voltage CMOS = (2*Output Voltage for Max Input+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)-Supply Voltage+Transconductance Ratio*Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias)/(1+Transconductance Ratio)

Resistive Load Minimum Input Voltage CMOS

Go Resistive Load Minimum Input Voltage = Zero Bias Threshold Voltage+sqrt((8*Supply Voltage)/(3*Transconductance of NMOS*Load Resistance))-(1/(Transconductance of NMOS*Load Resistance))

Load Capacitance of Cascaded Inverter CMOS

Go Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance = PMOS Gate Drain Capacitance+NMOS Gate Drain Capacitance+PMOS Drain Bulk Capacitance+NMOS Drain Bulk Capacitance+Inverter CMOS Internal Capacitance+Inverter CMOS Gate Capacitance

Minimum Input Voltage CMOS

Go Minimum Input Voltage = (Supply Voltage+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)+Transconductance Ratio*(2*Output Voltage+Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias))/(1+Transconductance Ratio)

Resistive Load Maximum Input Voltage CMOS

Go Resistive Load Maximum Input Voltage CMOS = Zero Bias Threshold Voltage+(1/(Transconductance of NMOS*Load Resistance))

Average Power Dissipation CMOS

Go Average Power Dissipation = Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance*(Supply Voltage)^2*Frequency

Average Propagation Delay CMOS

Go Average Propagation Delay = (Time for High to Low Transition of Output+Time for Low to High Transition of Output)/2

Maximum Input Voltage for Symmetric CMOS

Go Maximum Input Voltage Symmetric CMOS = (3*Supply Voltage+2*Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias)/8

Minimum Input Voltage for Symmetric CMOS

Go Minimum Input Voltage Symmetric CMOS = (5*Supply Voltage-2*Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias)/8

Oscillation Period Ring Oscillator CMOS

Go Oscillation Period = 2*Number of Stages Ring Oscillator*Average Propagation Delay

Noise Margin for High Signal CMOS

Go Noise Margin for High Signal = Maximum Output Voltage-Minimum Input Voltage

Transconductance Ratio CMOS

Go Transconductance Ratio = Transconductance of NMOS/Transconductance of PMOS

Threshold Voltage CMOS Formula

What are the mode of PMOS and NMOS while calculating the threshold voltage for CMOS?

Both The PMOS and NMOS are in the saturation region while calculating the threshold voltage for CMOS.

How to Calculate Threshold Voltage CMOS?

Threshold Voltage CMOS calculator uses Threshold Voltage = (Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)*(Supply Voltage+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)))/(1+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)) to calculate the Threshold Voltage, Threshold Voltage CMOS refers to the minimum voltage applied to the gate terminal of a MOSFET required to establish a conducting channel between the source and drain terminals. It determines the device's on/off state and influences its switching characteristics and overall performance in digital circuits. Threshold Voltage is denoted by V_th symbol.

How to calculate Threshold Voltage CMOS using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Threshold Voltage CMOS, enter Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias (V_T0,n), Transconductance Ratio (K_r), Supply Voltage (V_DD) & Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias (V_T0,p) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Threshold Voltage CMOS calculation can be explained with given input values -> 1.374852 = (0.6+sqrt(1/2.5)*(3.3+((-0.7))))/(1+sqrt(1/2.5)).

FAQ

What is Threshold Voltage CMOS?

Threshold Voltage CMOS refers to the minimum voltage applied to the gate terminal of a MOSFET required to establish a conducting channel between the source and drain terminals. It determines the device's on/off state and influences its switching characteristics and overall performance in digital circuits and is represented as V_th = (V_T0,n+sqrt(1/K_r)*(V_DD+(V_T0,p)))/(1+sqrt(1/K_r)) or Threshold Voltage = (Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)*(Supply Voltage+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)))/(1+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)). Threshold voltage of NMOS without body bias is the minimum input voltage required to switch an NMOS transistor when no additional bias voltage is applied to the substrate (body), Transconductance ratio is the ratio of the transconductance of one device (e.g., transistor) to another, often used to compare or characterize their performance or behavior in circuits, Supply voltage refers to the voltage level provided by a power source to an electrical circuit or device, serving as the potential difference for current flow and operation & Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias CMOS is defined as the threshold voltage of the PMOS when substrate terminal is at ground (0) voltage.

How to calculate Threshold Voltage CMOS?

Threshold Voltage CMOS refers to the minimum voltage applied to the gate terminal of a MOSFET required to establish a conducting channel between the source and drain terminals. It determines the device's on/off state and influences its switching characteristics and overall performance in digital circuits is calculated using Threshold Voltage = (Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)*(Supply Voltage+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)))/(1+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)). To calculate Threshold Voltage CMOS, you need Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias (V_T0,n), Transconductance Ratio (K_r), Supply Voltage (V_DD) & Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias (V_T0,p). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias, Transconductance Ratio, Supply Voltage & Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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