Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate Calculator

✖Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length refers to the amount of heat energy transferred per unit length along a material or medium.ⓘ Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length [H_net]			+10% -10%
✖Cooling Rate of Thick Plate is the rate of decrease of temperature of a particular thick sheet of material.ⓘ Cooling Rate of Thick Plate [R]			+10% -10%
✖Thermal Conductivity is the rate at which heat passes through a material, defined as heat flow per unit time per unit area with a temperature gradient of one degree per unit distance.ⓘ Thermal Conductivity [k]			+10% -10%
✖The Density of Electrode in welding refers to the mass per unit volume of the electrode material, it is the filling material of the weld.ⓘ Density of Electrode [ρ]			+10% -10%
✖Specific Heat Capacity is the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount.ⓘ Specific Heat Capacity [Q_c]			+10% -10%
✖Temperature for Cooling Rate is the temperature at which the cooling rate is calculated.ⓘ Temperature for Cooling Rate [T_c]			+10% -10%
✖Ambient Temperature Ambient temperature refers to the air temperature of any object or environment where equipment is stored. In a more general sense, it is the temperature of the surrounding.ⓘ Ambient Temperature [t_a]			+10% -10%

✖Thickness refers to the measurement of the distance through an object or material from one surface to its opposite surface. It indicates how thick the object or material is.ⓘ Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate [z]

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Formula

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Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate

Formula

`"z" = "H"_{"net"}*sqrt("R"/(2*pi*"k"*"ρ"*"Q"_{"c"}*(("T"_{"c"}-"t"_{"a"})^3)))`

Example

`"22.75444mm"="1000J/mm"*sqrt("13.71165°C/s"/(2*pi*"10.18W/(m*K)"*"997kg/m³"*"4.184kJ/kg*K"*(("500°C"-"37°C")^3)))`

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Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Thickness = Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length*sqrt(Cooling Rate of Thick Plate/(2*pi*Thermal Conductivity*Density of Electrode*Specific Heat Capacity*((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)^3)))
z = H_net*sqrt(R/(2*pi*k*ρ*Q_c*((T_c-t_a)^3)))
This formula uses 1 Constants, 1 Functions, 8 Variables

Constants Used

pi - Archimedes' constant Value Taken As 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288

Functions Used

sqrt - A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number., sqrt(Number)

Variables Used

Thickness - (Measured in Meter) - Thickness refers to the measurement of the distance through an object or material from one surface to its opposite surface. It indicates how thick the object or material is.
Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length - (Measured in Joule per Meter) - Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length refers to the amount of heat energy transferred per unit length along a material or medium.
Cooling Rate of Thick Plate - (Measured in Kelvin per Second) - Cooling Rate of Thick Plate is the rate of decrease of temperature of a particular thick sheet of material.
Thermal Conductivity - (Measured in Watt per Meter per K) - Thermal Conductivity is the rate at which heat passes through a material, defined as heat flow per unit time per unit area with a temperature gradient of one degree per unit distance.
Density of Electrode - (Measured in Kilogram per Cubic Meter) - The Density of Electrode in welding refers to the mass per unit volume of the electrode material, it is the filling material of the weld.
Specific Heat Capacity - (Measured in Joule per Kilogram per K) - Specific Heat Capacity is the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount.
Temperature for Cooling Rate - (Measured in Kelvin) - Temperature for Cooling Rate is the temperature at which the cooling rate is calculated.
Ambient Temperature - (Measured in Kelvin) - Ambient Temperature Ambient temperature refers to the air temperature of any object or environment where equipment is stored. In a more general sense, it is the temperature of the surrounding.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length: 1000 Joule per Millimeter --> 1000000 Joule per Meter (Check conversion here)
Cooling Rate of Thick Plate: 13.71165 Celsius per Second --> 13.71165 Kelvin per Second (Check conversion here)
Thermal Conductivity: 10.18 Watt per Meter per K --> 10.18 Watt per Meter per K No Conversion Required
Density of Electrode: 997 Kilogram per Cubic Meter --> 997 Kilogram per Cubic Meter No Conversion Required
Specific Heat Capacity: 4.184 Kilojoule per Kilogram per K --> 4184 Joule per Kilogram per K (Check conversion here)
Temperature for Cooling Rate: 500 Celsius --> 773.15 Kelvin (Check conversion here)
Ambient Temperature: 37 Celsius --> 310.15 Kelvin (Check conversion here)

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

z = H_net*sqrt(R/(2*pi*k*ρ*Q_c*((T_c-t_a)^3))) --> 1000000*sqrt(13.71165/(2*pi*10.18*997*4184*((773.15-310.15)^3)))

Evaluating ... ...

z = 0.022754439004016

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

0.022754439004016 Meter -->22.754439004016 Millimeter (Check conversion here)

FINAL ANSWER

22.754439004016 ≈ 22.75444 Millimeter <-- Thickness

(Calculation completed in 00.020 seconds)

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< 13 Heat Flow in Welded Joints Calculators

Peak Temperature Reached at any Point in Material

Go Peak Temperature Reached at Some Distance = Ambient Temperature+(Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length*(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature))/((Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)*sqrt(2*pi*e)*Density of Metal*Thickness of Filler Metal*Specific Heat Capacity*Distance from the Fusion Boundary+Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length)

Position of Peak Temperature from Fusion Boundary

Go Distance from the Fusion Boundary = ((Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Temperature Reached at Some Distance)*Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length)/((Temperature Reached at Some Distance-Ambient Temperature)*(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)*sqrt(2*pi*e)*Density of Electrode*Specific Heat Capacity*Thickness of Filler Metal)

Net Heat Supplied to Weld Area to Raise it to given Temperature from Fusion Boundary

Go Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length = ((Temperature Reached at Some Distance-Ambient Temperature)*(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Ambient Temperature)*sqrt(2*pi*e)*Density of Electrode*Specific Heat Capacity*Thickness of Filler Metal*Distance from the Fusion Boundary)/(Melting Temperature of Base Metal-Temperature Reached at Some Distance)

Net Heat Supplied to achieve given Cooling Rates for Thin Plates

Go Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length = Thickness of Filler Metal/sqrt(Cooling Rate of Thin Plate/(2*pi*Thermal Conductivity*Density of Electrode*Specific Heat Capacity*((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)^3)))

Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate

Go Thickness = Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length*sqrt(Cooling Rate of Thick Plate/(2*pi*Thermal Conductivity*Density of Electrode*Specific Heat Capacity*((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)^3)))

Thermal Conductivity of Base Metal using given Cooling Rate (thin plates)

Go Thermal Conductivity = Cooling Rate of Thin Plate/(2*pi*Density of Electrode*Specific Heat Capacity*((Thickness of Filler Metal/Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length)^2)*((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)^3))

Cooling rate for relatively thin plates

Go Cooling Rate of Thin Plate = 2*pi*Thermal Conductivity*Density of Electrode*Specific Heat Capacity*((Thickness of Filler Metal/Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length)^2)*((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)^3)

Thickness of Base Metal using Relative Thickness Factor

Go Thickness of the Base Metal = Relative Plate Thickness Factor*sqrt(Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length/((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)*Density of Electrode*Specific Heat Capacity))

Relative Plate Thickness Factor

Go Relative Plate Thickness Factor = Thickness of Filler Metal*sqrt(((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)*Density of Metal*Specific Heat Capacity)/Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length)

Net Heat Supplied using Relative Thickness Factor

Go Net Heat Supplied = ((Thickness of Filler Metal/Relative Plate Thickness Factor)^2)*Density of Electrode*Specific Heat Capacity*(Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)

Thermal Conductivity of Base Metal using given Cooling Rate (thick plates)

Go Thermal Conductivity = (Cooling Rate of Thick Plate*Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length)/(2*pi*((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)^2))

Net Heat Supplied to achieve given Cooling Rates for Thick Plates

Go Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length = (2*pi*Thermal Conductivity*((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)^2))/Cooling Rate of Thick Plate

Cooling Rate for Relatively Thick Plates

Go Cooling Rate of Thick Plate = (2*pi*Thermal Conductivity*((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)^2))/Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length

Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate Formula

How heat transfer takes place near heat affected zone ?

Heat transfer in a welded joint is a complex phenomenon involving three dimensional movement of a heat source. Heat from the weld zone is transferred more to the other parts of the base metal by means of conduction. Similarly heat is also lost to surroundings by convection from the surface, with radiation component being relatively small except near the weld pool. Thus the analytical treatment of the weld zone is extremely difficult.

How to Calculate Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate?

Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate calculator uses Thickness = Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length*sqrt(Cooling Rate of Thick Plate/(2*pi*Thermal Conductivity*Density of Electrode*Specific Heat Capacity*((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)^3))) to calculate the Thickness, The Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate formula is defined as the thickness of base metal as required for given cooling rate. Thickness is denoted by z symbol.

How to calculate Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate, enter Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length (H_net), Cooling Rate of Thick Plate (R), Thermal Conductivity (k), Density of Electrode (ρ), Specific Heat Capacity (Q_c), Temperature for Cooling Rate (T_c) & Ambient Temperature (t_a) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate calculation can be explained with given input values -> 22753.07 = 1000000*sqrt(13.71165/(2*pi*10.18*997*4184*((773.15-310.15)^3))).

FAQ

What is Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate?

The Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate formula is defined as the thickness of base metal as required for given cooling rate and is represented as z = H_net*sqrt(R/(2*pi*k*ρ*Q_c*((T_c-t_a)^3))) or Thickness = Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length*sqrt(Cooling Rate of Thick Plate/(2*pi*Thermal Conductivity*Density of Electrode*Specific Heat Capacity*((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)^3))). Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length refers to the amount of heat energy transferred per unit length along a material or medium, Cooling Rate of Thick Plate is the rate of decrease of temperature of a particular thick sheet of material, Thermal Conductivity is the rate at which heat passes through a material, defined as heat flow per unit time per unit area with a temperature gradient of one degree per unit distance, The Density of Electrode in welding refers to the mass per unit volume of the electrode material, it is the filling material of the weld, Specific Heat Capacity is the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount, Temperature for Cooling Rate is the temperature at which the cooling rate is calculated & Ambient Temperature Ambient temperature refers to the air temperature of any object or environment where equipment is stored. In a more general sense, it is the temperature of the surrounding.

How to calculate Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate?

The Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate formula is defined as the thickness of base metal as required for given cooling rate is calculated using Thickness = Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length*sqrt(Cooling Rate of Thick Plate/(2*pi*Thermal Conductivity*Density of Electrode*Specific Heat Capacity*((Temperature for Cooling Rate-Ambient Temperature)^3))). To calculate Thickness of Base Metal for Desired Cooling Rate, you need Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length (H_net), Cooling Rate of Thick Plate (R), Thermal Conductivity (k), Density of Electrode (ρ), Specific Heat Capacity (Q_c), Temperature for Cooling Rate (T_c) & Ambient Temperature (t_a). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Net Heat Supplied Per Unit Length, Cooling Rate of Thick Plate, Thermal Conductivity, Density of Electrode, Specific Heat Capacity, Temperature for Cooling Rate & Ambient Temperature and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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