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Refractive Index of Ionosphere Calculator

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Wave Propagation Antenna Theory Parameters Special Antennas

✖Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium.ⓘ Electron Density [N_max]			+10% -10%
✖The Operating frequency refers to the number of occurrences of a periodic event per time and is measured in cycles/second.ⓘ Operating Frequency [f_o]			+10% -10%

✖The refractive index is the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another.ⓘ Refractive Index of Ionosphere [η_r]

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Refractive Index of Ionosphere Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2))
η_r = sqrt(1-((81*N_max)/f_o^2))
This formula uses 1 Functions, 3 Variables

Functions Used

sqrt - A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number., sqrt(Number)

Variables Used

Refractive Index - The refractive index is the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another.
Electron Density - (Measured in 1 per Cubic Meter) - Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium.
Operating Frequency - (Measured in Hertz) - The Operating frequency refers to the number of occurrences of a periodic event per time and is measured in cycles/second.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Electron Density: 20000000000 1 per Cubic Centimeter --> 2E+16 1 per Cubic Meter (Check conversion here)
Operating Frequency: 3000000000 Hertz --> 3000000000 Hertz No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

η_r = sqrt(1-((81*N_max)/f_o^2)) --> sqrt(1-((81*2E+16)/3000000000^2))

Evaluating ... ...

η_r = 0.905538513813742

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

0.905538513813742 --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

0.905538513813742 ≈ 0.905539 <-- Refractive Index

(Calculation completed in 00.020 seconds)

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Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology (BTKIT), Dwarahat

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< Wave Propagation Calculators

Refractive Index of Ionosphere

LaTeX Go Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2))

Maximum Usable Frequency in F-region

LaTeX Go Maximum Usable Frequency = Critical Frequency/cos(Angle of Incidence)

Electron Density

LaTeX Go Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81

Critical Frequency of Ionosphere

LaTeX Go Critical Frequency of Ionosphere = 9*sqrt(Electron Density)

Refractive Index of Ionosphere Formula

LaTeX Go

Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2))
η_r = sqrt(1-((81*N_max)/f_o^2))

Define Ionospheric Propogation

In radio communication, skywave or skip refers to the propagation of radio waves reflected or refracted back toward Earth from the ionosphere, an electrically charged layer of the upper atmosphere. ... line-of-sight propagation, in which radio waves travel in a straight line, the dominant mode at higher frequencies.

How to Calculate Refractive Index of Ionosphere?

Refractive Index of Ionosphere calculator uses Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2)) to calculate the Refractive Index, The Refractive Index of Ionosphere formula is defined as the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another. Refractive Index is denoted by η_r symbol.

How to calculate Refractive Index of Ionosphere using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Refractive Index of Ionosphere, enter Electron Density (N_max) & Operating Frequency (f_o) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Refractive Index of Ionosphere calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.905539 = sqrt(1-((81*2E+16)/3000000000^2)).

FAQ

What is Refractive Index of Ionosphere?

The Refractive Index of Ionosphere formula is defined as the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another and is represented as η_r = sqrt(1-((81*N_max)/f_o^2)) or Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2)). Electron Density refers to the concentration or number of electrons per unit volume in a given material or medium & The Operating frequency refers to the number of occurrences of a periodic event per time and is measured in cycles/second.

How to calculate Refractive Index of Ionosphere?

The Refractive Index of Ionosphere formula is defined as the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to another is calculated using Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2)). To calculate Refractive Index of Ionosphere, you need Electron Density (N_max) & Operating Frequency (f_o). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Electron Density & Operating Frequency and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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