LCM of two numbers

Propagation Distance Calculator

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Wave Propagation Antenna Theory Parameters Special Antennas

✖Ionospheric Layer Height is defined as the height of ionospheric layer.ⓘ Ionospheric Layer Height [h]			+10% -10%
✖Maximum Usable frequency is the highest radio frequency that can be used for transmission between two points via reflection from the ionosphere.ⓘ Maximum Usable Frequency [F_muf]			+10% -10%
✖Critical frequency is the highest magnitude of frequency above which the waves penetrate the ionosphere and below which the waves are reflected back from the ionosphere.ⓘ Critical Frequency [f_c]			+10% -10%

✖Skip distance is defined as the distance b/w transmitting antenna and a point where that wave is first received after reflection from ionosphere.ⓘ Propagation Distance [P_d]

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Propagation Distance Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Skip Distance = 2*Ionospheric Layer Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1)
P_d = 2*h*sqrt((F_muf^2/f_c^2)-1)
This formula uses 1 Functions, 4 Variables

Functions Used

sqrt - A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number., sqrt(Number)

Variables Used

Skip Distance - (Measured in Meter) - Skip distance is defined as the distance b/w transmitting antenna and a point where that wave is first received after reflection from ionosphere.
Ionospheric Layer Height - (Measured in Meter) - Ionospheric Layer Height is defined as the height of ionospheric layer.
Maximum Usable Frequency - (Measured in Hertz) - Maximum Usable frequency is the highest radio frequency that can be used for transmission between two points via reflection from the ionosphere.
Critical Frequency - (Measured in Hertz) - Critical frequency is the highest magnitude of frequency above which the waves penetrate the ionosphere and below which the waves are reflected back from the ionosphere.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Ionospheric Layer Height: 1169.985 Meter --> 1169.985 Meter No Conversion Required
Maximum Usable Frequency: 420 Hertz --> 420 Hertz No Conversion Required
Critical Frequency: 45 Hertz --> 45 Hertz No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

P_d = 2*h*sqrt((F_muf^2/f_c^2)-1) --> 2*1169.985*sqrt((420^2/45^2)-1)

Evaluating ... ...

P_d = 21714.0026268189

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

21714.0026268189 Meter --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

21714.0026268189 ≈ 21714 Meter <-- Skip Distance

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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Created by Shobhit Dimri

Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology (BTKIT), Dwarahat

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< Wave Propagation Calculators

Refractive Index of Ionosphere

LaTeX Go Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2))

Maximum Usable Frequency in F-region

LaTeX Go Maximum Usable Frequency = Critical Frequency/cos(Angle of Incidence)

Electron Density

LaTeX Go Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81

Critical Frequency of Ionosphere

LaTeX Go Critical Frequency of Ionosphere = 9*sqrt(Electron Density)

Propagation Distance Formula

LaTeX Go

Skip Distance = 2*Ionospheric Layer Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1)
P_d = 2*h*sqrt((F_muf^2/f_c^2)-1)

How do you calculate propagation speed?

The relationship between the propagation speed, frequency, and wavelength is vw=fλ. The relationship between the propagation speed, frequency, and wavelength is vw=λf. The relationship between the propagation speed, frequency, and wavelength is vw=√fλ.

How to Calculate Propagation Distance?

Propagation Distance calculator uses Skip Distance = 2*Ionospheric Layer Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1) to calculate the Skip Distance, The Propagation Distance formula is defined as the distance required by the wave to propagate smoothly without loss. Skip Distance is denoted by P_d symbol.

How to calculate Propagation Distance using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Propagation Distance, enter Ionospheric Layer Height (h), Maximum Usable Frequency (F_muf) & Critical Frequency (f_c) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Propagation Distance calculation can be explained with given input values -> 21714 = 2*1169.985*sqrt((420^2/45^2)-1).

FAQ

What is Propagation Distance?

The Propagation Distance formula is defined as the distance required by the wave to propagate smoothly without loss and is represented as P_d = 2*h*sqrt((F_muf^2/f_c^2)-1) or Skip Distance = 2*Ionospheric Layer Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1). Ionospheric Layer Height is defined as the height of ionospheric layer, Maximum Usable frequency is the highest radio frequency that can be used for transmission between two points via reflection from the ionosphere & Critical frequency is the highest magnitude of frequency above which the waves penetrate the ionosphere and below which the waves are reflected back from the ionosphere.

How to calculate Propagation Distance?

The Propagation Distance formula is defined as the distance required by the wave to propagate smoothly without loss is calculated using Skip Distance = 2*Ionospheric Layer Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1). To calculate Propagation Distance, you need Ionospheric Layer Height (h), Maximum Usable Frequency (F_muf) & Critical Frequency (f_c). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Ionospheric Layer Height, Maximum Usable Frequency & Critical Frequency and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

How many ways are there to calculate Skip Distance?

In this formula, Skip Distance uses Ionospheric Layer Height, Maximum Usable Frequency & Critical Frequency. We can use 1 other way(s) to calculate the same, which is/are as follows -

Skip Distance = 2*Reflection Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency/Critical Frequency)^2-1)

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