✖Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance is the capacitance driven by a CMOS inverter's output, including wiring, input capacitances of connected gates, and parasitic capacitances.ⓘ Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance [C_load]			+10% -10%
✖Transconductance of NMOS refers to the ratio of the change in the output drain current to the change in the input gate-source voltage when the drain-source voltage is constant.ⓘ Transconductance of NMOS [K_n]			+10% -10%
✖Supply voltage refers to the voltage level provided by a power source to an electrical circuit or device, serving as the potential difference for current flow and operation.ⓘ Supply Voltage [V_DD]			+10% -10%
✖Threshold voltage of NMOS with body bias refers to the minimum input voltage required to switch an NMOS transistor when an additional bias voltage is applied to the substrate (body).ⓘ Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias [V_T,n]			+10% -10%

✖Time for high to low transition of output refers to the duration taken by a signal at the output terminal of a device or circuit to transition from a high voltage level to a low voltage level.ⓘ Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS [ζ_PHL]

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Formula

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Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS

Formula

`"ζ"_{"PHL"} = ("C"_{"load"}/("K"_{"n"}*("V"_{"DD"}-"V"_{"T,n"})))*((2*"V"_{"T,n"}/("V"_{"DD"}-"V"_{"T,n"}))+ln((4*("V"_{"DD"}-"V"_{"T,n"})/"V"_{"DD"})-1))`

Example

`"0.002508ns"=("0.93fF"/("200µA/V²"*("3.3V"-"0.8V")))*((2*"0.8V"/("3.3V"-"0.8V"))+ln((4*("3.3V"-"0.8V")/"3.3V")-1))`

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Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Time for High to Low Transition of Output = (Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance/(Transconductance of NMOS*(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias)))*((2*Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias/(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias))+ln((4*(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias)/Supply Voltage)-1))
ζ_PHL = (C_load/(K_n*(V_DD-V_T,n)))*((2*V_T,n/(V_DD-V_T,n))+ln((4*(V_DD-V_T,n)/V_DD)-1))
This formula uses 1 Functions, 5 Variables

Functions Used

ln - The natural logarithm, also known as the logarithm to the base e, is the inverse function of the natural exponential function., ln(Number)

Variables Used

Time for High to Low Transition of Output - (Measured in Second) - Time for high to low transition of output refers to the duration taken by a signal at the output terminal of a device or circuit to transition from a high voltage level to a low voltage level.
Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance - (Measured in Farad) - Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance is the capacitance driven by a CMOS inverter's output, including wiring, input capacitances of connected gates, and parasitic capacitances.
Transconductance of NMOS - (Measured in Ampere per Square Volt) - Transconductance of NMOS refers to the ratio of the change in the output drain current to the change in the input gate-source voltage when the drain-source voltage is constant.
Supply Voltage - (Measured in Volt) - Supply voltage refers to the voltage level provided by a power source to an electrical circuit or device, serving as the potential difference for current flow and operation.
Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias - (Measured in Volt) - Threshold voltage of NMOS with body bias refers to the minimum input voltage required to switch an NMOS transistor when an additional bias voltage is applied to the substrate (body).

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance: 0.93 Femtofarad --> 9.3E-16 Farad (Check conversion here)
Transconductance of NMOS: 200 Microampere per Square Volt --> 0.0002 Ampere per Square Volt (Check conversion here)
Supply Voltage: 3.3 Volt --> 3.3 Volt No Conversion Required
Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias: 0.8 Volt --> 0.8 Volt No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

ζ_PHL = (C_load/(K_n*(V_DD-V_T,n)))*((2*V_T,n/(V_DD-V_T,n))+ln((4*(V_DD-V_T,n)/V_DD)-1)) --> (9.3E-16/(0.0002*(3.3-0.8)))*((2*0.8/(3.3-0.8))+ln((4*(3.3-0.8)/3.3)-1))

Evaluating ... ...

ζ_PHL = 2.50762420773954E-12

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

2.50762420773954E-12 Second -->0.00250762420773954 Nanosecond (Check conversion here)

FINAL ANSWER

0.00250762420773954 ≈ 0.002508 Nanosecond <-- Time for High to Low Transition of Output

(Calculation completed in 00.020 seconds)

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< 16 CMOS Inverters Calculators

Propagation Delay for Low to High Output Transition CMOS

Go Time for Low to High Transition of Output = (Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance/(Transconductance of PMOS*(Supply Voltage-abs(Threshold Voltage of PMOS with Body Bias))))*(((2*abs(Threshold Voltage of PMOS with Body Bias))/(Supply Voltage-abs(Threshold Voltage of PMOS with Body Bias)))+ln((4*(Supply Voltage-abs(Threshold Voltage of PMOS with Body Bias))/Supply Voltage)-1))

Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS

Go Time for High to Low Transition of Output = (Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance/(Transconductance of NMOS*(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias)))*((2*Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias/(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias))+ln((4*(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias)/Supply Voltage)-1))

Resistive Load Minimum Output Voltage CMOS

Go Resistive Load Minimum Output Voltage = Supply Voltage-Zero Bias Threshold Voltage+(1/(Transconductance of NMOS*Load Resistance))-sqrt((Supply Voltage-Zero Bias Threshold Voltage+(1/(Transconductance of NMOS*Load Resistance)))^2-(2*Supply Voltage/(Transconductance of NMOS*Load Resistance)))

Threshold Voltage CMOS

Go Threshold Voltage = (Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio)*(Supply Voltage+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)))/(1+sqrt(1/Transconductance Ratio))

Maximum Input Voltage CMOS

Go Maximum Input Voltage CMOS = (2*Output Voltage for Max Input+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)-Supply Voltage+Transconductance Ratio*Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias)/(1+Transconductance Ratio)

Resistive Load Minimum Input Voltage CMOS

Go Resistive Load Minimum Input Voltage = Zero Bias Threshold Voltage+sqrt((8*Supply Voltage)/(3*Transconductance of NMOS*Load Resistance))-(1/(Transconductance of NMOS*Load Resistance))

Load Capacitance of Cascaded Inverter CMOS

Go Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance = PMOS Gate Drain Capacitance+NMOS Gate Drain Capacitance+PMOS Drain Bulk Capacitance+NMOS Drain Bulk Capacitance+Inverter CMOS Internal Capacitance+Inverter CMOS Gate Capacitance

Minimum Input Voltage CMOS

Go Minimum Input Voltage = (Supply Voltage+(Threshold Voltage of PMOS Without Body Bias)+Transconductance Ratio*(2*Output Voltage+Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias))/(1+Transconductance Ratio)

Resistive Load Maximum Input Voltage CMOS

Go Resistive Load Maximum Input Voltage CMOS = Zero Bias Threshold Voltage+(1/(Transconductance of NMOS*Load Resistance))

Average Power Dissipation CMOS

Go Average Power Dissipation = Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance*(Supply Voltage)^2*Frequency

Average Propagation Delay CMOS

Go Average Propagation Delay = (Time for High to Low Transition of Output+Time for Low to High Transition of Output)/2

Maximum Input Voltage for Symmetric CMOS

Go Maximum Input Voltage Symmetric CMOS = (3*Supply Voltage+2*Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias)/8

Minimum Input Voltage for Symmetric CMOS

Go Minimum Input Voltage Symmetric CMOS = (5*Supply Voltage-2*Threshold Voltage of NMOS Without Body Bias)/8

Oscillation Period Ring Oscillator CMOS

Go Oscillation Period = 2*Number of Stages Ring Oscillator*Average Propagation Delay

Noise Margin for High Signal CMOS

Go Noise Margin for High Signal = Maximum Output Voltage-Minimum Input Voltage

Transconductance Ratio CMOS

Go Transconductance Ratio = Transconductance of NMOS/Transconductance of PMOS

Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS Formula

Which assumption is used for this formula?

The input voltage waveform is usually assumed to be an ideal step pulse with zero rise and fall times.

How to Calculate Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS?

Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS calculator uses Time for High to Low Transition of Output = (Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance/(Transconductance of NMOS*(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias)))*((2*Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias/(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias))+ln((4*(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias)/Supply Voltage)-1)) to calculate the Time for High to Low Transition of Output, Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS refers to the time taken for a signal at the output terminal of a CMOS device to transition from a high voltage level to a low voltage level. It includes delays caused by logic gates, interconnects, and parasitic capacitances. Time for High to Low Transition of Output is denoted by ζ_PHL symbol.

How to calculate Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS, enter Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance (C_load), Transconductance of NMOS (K_n), Supply Voltage (V_DD) & Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias (V_T,n) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS calculation can be explained with given input values -> 2.3E+6 = (9.3E-16/(0.0002*(3.3-0.8)))*((2*0.8/(3.3-0.8))+ln((4*(3.3-0.8)/3.3)-1)).

FAQ

What is Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS?

Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS refers to the time taken for a signal at the output terminal of a CMOS device to transition from a high voltage level to a low voltage level. It includes delays caused by logic gates, interconnects, and parasitic capacitances and is represented as ζ_PHL = (C_load/(K_n*(V_DD-V_T,n)))*((2*V_T,n/(V_DD-V_T,n))+ln((4*(V_DD-V_T,n)/V_DD)-1)) or Time for High to Low Transition of Output = (Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance/(Transconductance of NMOS*(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias)))*((2*Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias/(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias))+ln((4*(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias)/Supply Voltage)-1)). Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance is the capacitance driven by a CMOS inverter's output, including wiring, input capacitances of connected gates, and parasitic capacitances, Transconductance of NMOS refers to the ratio of the change in the output drain current to the change in the input gate-source voltage when the drain-source voltage is constant, Supply voltage refers to the voltage level provided by a power source to an electrical circuit or device, serving as the potential difference for current flow and operation & Threshold voltage of NMOS with body bias refers to the minimum input voltage required to switch an NMOS transistor when an additional bias voltage is applied to the substrate (body).

How to calculate Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS?

Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS refers to the time taken for a signal at the output terminal of a CMOS device to transition from a high voltage level to a low voltage level. It includes delays caused by logic gates, interconnects, and parasitic capacitances is calculated using Time for High to Low Transition of Output = (Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance/(Transconductance of NMOS*(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias)))*((2*Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias/(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias))+ln((4*(Supply Voltage-Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias)/Supply Voltage)-1)). To calculate Propagation Delay for High to Low Output Transition CMOS, you need Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance (C_load), Transconductance of NMOS (K_n), Supply Voltage (V_DD) & Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias (V_T,n). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Inverter CMOS Load Capacitance, Transconductance of NMOS, Supply Voltage & Threshold Voltage of NMOS with Body Bias and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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