What is the Backwater Effect?
A backwater is a part of a river in which there is little or no current. It can refer to a branch of a main river, which lies alongside it and then rejoins it, or to a body of water in a main river, backed up by the tide or by an obstruction such as a dam. The backwater effect transmits the secondary currents backwards, resulting in the creation of a sinuous pattern upstream from the shrinkage.
The Backwater phenomenon leads to an increase in the water surface level of upstream regions, thereby imposing the threat of submergence during flood events and affecting the longitudinal extent of the river reach.
How to Calculate Normalized Value of Fall given Discharge?
Normalized Value of Fall given Discharge calculator uses Normalized Value of Fall = Actual Fall*(Normalized Discharge/Actual Discharge)^(1/Exponent on Rating Curve) to calculate the Normalized Value of Fall, The Normalized Value of Fall given Discharge formula is defined as the taken to be constant at all stages to the normalized discharge at the given stage when the fall is equal to the normalized fall. Normalized Value of Fall is denoted by Fo symbol.
How to calculate Normalized Value of Fall given Discharge using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Normalized Value of Fall given Discharge, enter Actual Fall (F), Normalized Discharge (Q0), Actual Discharge (Qa) & Exponent on Rating Curve (m) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Normalized Value of Fall given Discharge calculation can be explained with given input values -> 1.512346 = 2.5*(7/9)^(1/0.5).