What is external flow?
In fluid mechanics, external flow is such a flow that boundary layers develop freely, without constraints imposed by adjacent surfaces. Accordingly, there will always exist a region of the flow outside the boundary layer in which velocity, temperature, and/or concentration gradients are negligible. It can be defined as the flow of a fluid around a body that is completely submerged in it.
An example includes fluid motion over a flat plate (inclined or parallel to the free stream velocity) and flow over curved surfaces such as a sphere, cylinder, airfoil, or turbine blade, air flowing around an airplane and water flowing around the submarines.
How to Calculate Momentum thickness at X?
Momentum thickness at X calculator uses Momentum Thickness at X = (7/72)*Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness to calculate the Momentum Thickness at X, Momentum thickness at X formula is defined as a measure of the thickness of the boundary layer in a fluid flow over a flat plate, characterizing the momentum loss due to friction, which is essential in understanding the flow behavior and drag forces. Momentum Thickness at X is denoted by θx symbol.
How to calculate Momentum thickness at X using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Momentum thickness at X, enter Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness (𝛿hx) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Momentum thickness at X calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.252884 = (7/72)*2.601095.