What is Duhem’s Theorem?
For any closed system formed from known amounts of prescribed chemical species, the equilibrium state is completely determined when any two independent variables are fixed. The two independent variables subject to specification may in general be either intensive or extensive. However, the number of independent intensive variables is given by the phase rule. Thus when F = 1, at least one of the two variables must be extensive, and when F = 0, both must be extensive.
How to Calculate Ideal Solution Volume using Excess and Actual Solution Volume?
Ideal Solution Volume using Excess and Actual Solution Volume calculator uses Ideal Solution Volume = Volume-Excess Volume to calculate the Ideal Solution Volume, The Ideal Solution Volume using Excess and Actual Solution Volume formula is defined as the difference between actual volume and excess volume. Ideal Solution Volume is denoted by Vid symbol.
How to calculate Ideal Solution Volume using Excess and Actual Solution Volume using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Ideal Solution Volume using Excess and Actual Solution Volume, enter Volume (VT) & Excess Volume (VE) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Ideal Solution Volume using Excess and Actual Solution Volume calculation can be explained with given input values -> 30 = 63-33.