Downwash angle Calculator

✖The Wing Angle of Attack (AoA) refers to the angle between the chord line of the wing and the direction of the relative airflow.ⓘ Wing Angle of Attack [α_w]			+10% -10%
✖The Wing Incidence Angle refers to the angle between the chord line of the wing and the longitudinal axis (or fuselage reference line) of the aircraft.ⓘ Wing Incidence Angle [𝒊_w]			+10% -10%
✖The Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack (AoA) refers to the angle between the chord line of the horizontal stabilizer (including the elevator) and the relative airflow.ⓘ Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack [α_t]			+10% -10%
✖Tail Incidence Angle is the angle between the reference chord of the horizontal tail and the fuselage reference line.ⓘ Tail Incidence Angle [𝒊_t]			+10% -10%

✖Downwash Angle is the angle formed between the direction of air movement as it approaches an airfoil and as it leaves it.ⓘ Downwash angle [ε]

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Formula

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Downwash angle

Formula

ε = α w - 𝒊 w - α t + 𝒊 t

Example

0.095 rad = 0.083 rad - 0.078 rad - 0.77 rad + 0.86 rad

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Downwash angle Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Downwash Angle = Wing Angle of Attack-Wing Incidence Angle-Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack+Tail Incidence Angle
ε = α_w-𝒊_w-α_t+𝒊_t
This formula uses 5 Variables

Variables Used

Downwash Angle - (Measured in Radian) - Downwash Angle is the angle formed between the direction of air movement as it approaches an airfoil and as it leaves it.
Wing Angle of Attack - (Measured in Radian) - The Wing Angle of Attack (AoA) refers to the angle between the chord line of the wing and the direction of the relative airflow.
Wing Incidence Angle - (Measured in Radian) - The Wing Incidence Angle refers to the angle between the chord line of the wing and the longitudinal axis (or fuselage reference line) of the aircraft.
Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack - (Measured in Radian) - The Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack (AoA) refers to the angle between the chord line of the horizontal stabilizer (including the elevator) and the relative airflow.
Tail Incidence Angle - (Measured in Radian) - Tail Incidence Angle is the angle between the reference chord of the horizontal tail and the fuselage reference line.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Wing Angle of Attack: 0.083 Radian --> 0.083 Radian No Conversion Required
Wing Incidence Angle: 0.078 Radian --> 0.078 Radian No Conversion Required
Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack: 0.77 Radian --> 0.77 Radian No Conversion Required
Tail Incidence Angle: 0.86 Radian --> 0.86 Radian No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

ε = α_w-𝒊_w-α_t+𝒊_t --> 0.083-0.078-0.77+0.86

Evaluating ... ...

ε = 0.095

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

0.095 Radian --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

0.095 Radian <-- Downwash Angle

(Calculation completed in 00.020 seconds)

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Home » Physics » Aircraft Mechanics » Static Stability and Control » Longitudinal Stability » Aerospace » Wing Tail Contribution » Downwash angle

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Created by Vinay Mishra

Indian Institute for Aeronautical Engineering and Information Technology (IIAEIT), Pune

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Verified by Shikha Maurya

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay

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< Wing Tail Contribution Calculators

Angle of incidence of wing

Go Wing Incidence Angle = Wing Angle of Attack-Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack-Downwash Angle+Tail Incidence Angle

Angle of Attack at Tail

Go Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack = Wing Angle of Attack-Wing Incidence Angle-Downwash Angle+Tail Incidence Angle

Angle of Attack of Wing

Go Wing Angle of Attack = Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack+Wing Incidence Angle+Downwash Angle-Tail Incidence Angle

Downwash angle

Go Downwash Angle = Wing Angle of Attack-Wing Incidence Angle-Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack+Tail Incidence Angle

Downwash angle Formula

Downwash Angle = Wing Angle of Attack-Wing Incidence Angle-Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack+Tail Incidence Angle
ε = α_w-𝒊_w-α_t+𝒊_t

What causes downwash?

The more air that a wing diverts down, the more lift it can produce. A huge column of air moves almost straight down relative to the ground. This is the downwash created by the wings of the jet resulting in an opposing lift force.

How to Calculate Downwash angle?

Downwash angle calculator uses Downwash Angle = Wing Angle of Attack-Wing Incidence Angle-Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack+Tail Incidence Angle to calculate the Downwash Angle, Downwash Angle is a measure of the angle between the direction of the air flowing over the tail and the horizontal, calculated by subtracting the wing's angle of attack and incidence angle from the horizontal tail's angle of attack and incidence angle, providing insight into an aircraft's stability and performance. Downwash Angle is denoted by ε symbol.

How to calculate Downwash angle using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Downwash angle, enter Wing Angle of Attack (α_w), Wing Incidence Angle (𝒊_w), Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack (α_t) & Tail Incidence Angle (𝒊_t) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Downwash angle calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.102 = 0.083-0.078-0.77+0.86.

FAQ

What is Downwash angle?

Downwash Angle is a measure of the angle between the direction of the air flowing over the tail and the horizontal, calculated by subtracting the wing's angle of attack and incidence angle from the horizontal tail's angle of attack and incidence angle, providing insight into an aircraft's stability and performance and is represented as ε = α_w-𝒊_w-α_t+𝒊_t or Downwash Angle = Wing Angle of Attack-Wing Incidence Angle-Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack+Tail Incidence Angle. The Wing Angle of Attack (AoA) refers to the angle between the chord line of the wing and the direction of the relative airflow, The Wing Incidence Angle refers to the angle between the chord line of the wing and the longitudinal axis (or fuselage reference line) of the aircraft, The Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack (AoA) refers to the angle between the chord line of the horizontal stabilizer (including the elevator) and the relative airflow & Tail Incidence Angle is the angle between the reference chord of the horizontal tail and the fuselage reference line.

How to calculate Downwash angle?

Downwash Angle is a measure of the angle between the direction of the air flowing over the tail and the horizontal, calculated by subtracting the wing's angle of attack and incidence angle from the horizontal tail's angle of attack and incidence angle, providing insight into an aircraft's stability and performance is calculated using Downwash Angle = Wing Angle of Attack-Wing Incidence Angle-Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack+Tail Incidence Angle. To calculate Downwash angle, you need Wing Angle of Attack (α_w), Wing Incidence Angle (𝒊_w), Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack (α_t) & Tail Incidence Angle (𝒊_t). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Wing Angle of Attack, Wing Incidence Angle, Horizontal Tail Angle of Attack & Tail Incidence Angle and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

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