What is external flow
In fluid mechanics, external flow is such a flow that boundary layers develop freely, without constraints imposed by adjacent surfaces. Accordingly, there will always exist a region of the flow outside the boundary layer in which velocity, temperature, and/or concentration gradients are negligible. It can be defined as the flow of a fluid around a body that is completely submerged in it.
An example includes fluid motion over a flat plate (inclined or parallel to the free stream velocity) and flow over curved surfaces such as a sphere, cylinder, airfoil, or turbine blade, air flowing around an airplane and water flowing around the submarines.
How to Calculate Displacement thickness?
Displacement thickness calculator uses Displacement Thickness = Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness/3 to calculate the Displacement Thickness, Displacement thickness formula is defined as the distance between the wall and the point where the velocity is 99% of the free-stream velocity, used to quantify the effect of boundary layers on the flow over a flat plate. Displacement Thickness is denoted by 𝛿d symbol.
How to calculate Displacement thickness using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Displacement thickness, enter Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness (𝛿hx) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Displacement thickness calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.867032 = 2.601095/3.