What is external flow?
In fluid mechanics, external flow is such a flow that boundary layers develop freely, without constraints imposed by adjacent surfaces. Accordingly, there will always exist a region of the flow outside the boundary layer in which velocity, temperature, and/or concentration gradients are negligible. It can be defined as the flow of a fluid around a body that is completely submerged in it.
An example includes fluid motion over a flat plate (inclined or parallel to the free stream velocity) and flow over curved surfaces such as a sphere, cylinder, airfoil, or turbine blade, air flowing around an airplane and water flowing around the submarines.
How to Calculate Displacement thickness at X?
Displacement thickness at X calculator uses Displacement Thickness = Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness/8 to calculate the Displacement Thickness, The Displacement thickness at X formula is defined as the distance by which the external potential flow is displaced outwards due to the decrease in velocity in the boundary layer. Displacement Thickness is denoted by 𝛿d symbol.
How to calculate Displacement thickness at X using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Displacement thickness at X, enter Hydrodynamic Boundary Layer Thickness (𝛿hx) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Displacement thickness at X calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.25 = 2/8.