Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid Calculator

✖Surface Tension is a word that is linked to the liquid surface. It is a physical property of liquids, in which the molecules are drawn onto every side.ⓘ Surface Tension [σ]			+10% -10%
✖The Contact Angle is an angle that a liquid creates with a solid surface or capillary walls of a porous material when both materials come in contact together.ⓘ Contact Angle [θ]			+10% -10%
✖Specific Gravity of Fluid is the ratio of the specific weight of a substance to the specific weight of a standard fluid.ⓘ Specific Gravity of Fluid [G_f]			+10% -10%
✖Radius of Tube is defined as the distance from longitudinal axis of tube to the periphery perpendicularly.ⓘ Radius of Tube [r_t]			+10% -10%
✖Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter is the weight per unit volume of water.ⓘ Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter [W]			+10% -10%

✖Capillary Rise (or Depression) is the rise or fall in a liquid due to a net upward force produced by the attraction of the liquid molecules to a solid surface.ⓘ Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid [h_c]

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Formula

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Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid

Formula

h c = \frac{2 \cdot σ \cdot \cos (θ)}{G f \cdot r t \cdot W \cdot 1000}

Example

0.000205 m = \frac{2 \cdot 72.75 N/m \cdot \cos (10 °)}{14 \cdot 5.1 m \cdot 9.81 kN/m³ \cdot 1000}

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Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary

Formula Used

Capillary Rise (or Depression) = (2*Surface Tension*cos(Contact Angle))/(Specific Gravity of Fluid*Radius of Tube*Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter*1000)
h_c = (2*σ*cos(θ))/(G_f*r_t*W*1000)
This formula uses 1 Functions, 6 Variables

Functions Used

cos - Cosine of an angle is the ratio of the side adjacent to the angle to the hypotenuse of the triangle., cos(Angle)

Variables Used

Capillary Rise (or Depression) - (Measured in Meter) - Capillary Rise (or Depression) is the rise or fall in a liquid due to a net upward force produced by the attraction of the liquid molecules to a solid surface.
Surface Tension - (Measured in Newton per Meter) - Surface Tension is a word that is linked to the liquid surface. It is a physical property of liquids, in which the molecules are drawn onto every side.
Contact Angle - (Measured in Radian) - The Contact Angle is an angle that a liquid creates with a solid surface or capillary walls of a porous material when both materials come in contact together.
Specific Gravity of Fluid - Specific Gravity of Fluid is the ratio of the specific weight of a substance to the specific weight of a standard fluid.
Radius of Tube - (Measured in Meter) - Radius of Tube is defined as the distance from longitudinal axis of tube to the periphery perpendicularly.
Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter - (Measured in Kilonewton per Cubic Meter) - Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter is the weight per unit volume of water.

STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit

Surface Tension: 72.75 Newton per Meter --> 72.75 Newton per Meter No Conversion Required
Contact Angle: 10 Degree --> 0.1745329251994 Radian (Check conversion here)
Specific Gravity of Fluid: 14 --> No Conversion Required
Radius of Tube: 5.1 Meter --> 5.1 Meter No Conversion Required
Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter: 9.81 Kilonewton per Cubic Meter --> 9.81 Kilonewton per Cubic Meter No Conversion Required

STEP 2: Evaluate Formula

Substituting Input Values in Formula

h_c = (2*σ*cos(θ))/(G_f*r_t*W*1000) --> (2*72.75*cos(0.1745329251994))/(14*5.1*9.81*1000)

Evaluating ... ...

h_c = 0.000204572490860348

STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit

0.000204572490860348 Meter --> No Conversion Required

FINAL ANSWER

0.000204572490860348 ≈ 0.000205 Meter <-- Capillary Rise (or Depression)

(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

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Don Bosco College of Engineering (DBCE), Goa

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< Properties of Fluid Calculators

Absolute Temperature of Gas

Go Absolute Temperature of Gas = Absolute Pressure by Gas Density/(Gas Constant*Density of Gas)

Absolute Pressure using Gas Density

Go Absolute Pressure by Gas Density = Absolute Temperature of Gas*Density of Gas*Gas Constant

Specific Gravity of Fluid

Go Specific Gravity of Fluid = Specific Weight of Liquid in Piezometer/Specific Weight of Standard Fluid

Specific Volume of Fluid

Go Specific Volume = 1/Mass Density of Fluid

Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid Formula

What controls the Height of Capillary Rise?

The extent of capillary rise in a pore is controlled by: the diameter of the capillary tube, the contact angle between the liquid and the wetted surface, density of the liquid, viscosity of the liquid, surface tension, and whether the surface is hydrophobic.

How to Calculate Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid?

Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid calculator uses Capillary Rise (or Depression) = (2*Surface Tension*cos(Contact Angle))/(Specific Gravity of Fluid*Radius of Tube*Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter*1000) to calculate the Capillary Rise (or Depression), The Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid formula is defined as a function of Surface Tension, Specific Gravity of Fluid, Radius of Tube and Specific Weight of Water. The above expression for the capillary rise (or depression) is based on the assumption that the meniscus or the curved liquid surface is a section of a sphere. Capillary Rise (or Depression) is denoted by h_c symbol.

How to calculate Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid, enter Surface Tension (σ), Contact Angle (θ), Specific Gravity of Fluid (G_f), Radius of Tube (r_t) & Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter (W) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.000191 = (2*72.75*cos(0.1745329251994))/(14*5.1*9810*1000).

FAQ

What is Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid?

The Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid formula is defined as a function of Surface Tension, Specific Gravity of Fluid, Radius of Tube and Specific Weight of Water. The above expression for the capillary rise (or depression) is based on the assumption that the meniscus or the curved liquid surface is a section of a sphere and is represented as h_c = (2*σ*cos(θ))/(G_f*r_t*W*1000) or Capillary Rise (or Depression) = (2*Surface Tension*cos(Contact Angle))/(Specific Gravity of Fluid*Radius of Tube*Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter*1000). Surface Tension is a word that is linked to the liquid surface. It is a physical property of liquids, in which the molecules are drawn onto every side, The Contact Angle is an angle that a liquid creates with a solid surface or capillary walls of a porous material when both materials come in contact together, Specific Gravity of Fluid is the ratio of the specific weight of a substance to the specific weight of a standard fluid, Radius of Tube is defined as the distance from longitudinal axis of tube to the periphery perpendicularly & Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter is the weight per unit volume of water.

How to calculate Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid?

The Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid formula is defined as a function of Surface Tension, Specific Gravity of Fluid, Radius of Tube and Specific Weight of Water. The above expression for the capillary rise (or depression) is based on the assumption that the meniscus or the curved liquid surface is a section of a sphere is calculated using Capillary Rise (or Depression) = (2*Surface Tension*cos(Contact Angle))/(Specific Gravity of Fluid*Radius of Tube*Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter*1000). To calculate Capillary Rise or Depression of Fluid, you need Surface Tension (σ), Contact Angle (θ), Specific Gravity of Fluid (G_f), Radius of Tube (r_t) & Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter (W). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Surface Tension, Contact Angle, Specific Gravity of Fluid, Radius of Tube & Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.

How many ways are there to calculate Capillary Rise (or Depression)?

In this formula, Capillary Rise (or Depression) uses Surface Tension, Contact Angle, Specific Gravity of Fluid, Radius of Tube & Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter. We can use 3 other way(s) to calculate the same, which is/are as follows -

Capillary Rise (or Depression) = (2*Surface Tension)/(Radius of Tube*Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter*1000)
Capillary Rise (or Depression) = (2*Surface Tension*cos(Contact Angle))/(Radius of Tube*Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter*(Specific Gravity of Liquid 1-Specific Gravity of Liquid 2)*1000)
Capillary Rise (or Depression) = (2*Surface Tension*(cos(Contact Angle)))/(Specific Weight of Water in KN per cubic meter*Specific Gravity of Fluid*Distance between Vertical Plates)

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