What is Duhem’s Theorem?
For any closed system formed from known amounts of prescribed chemical species, the equilibrium state is completely determined when any two independent variables are fixed. The two independent variables subject to specification may in general be either intensive or extensive. However, the number of independent intensive variables is given by the phase rule. Thus when F = 1, at least one of the two variables must be extensive, and when F = 0, both must be extensive.
How to Calculate Actual Volume using Excess and Ideal Solution Volume?
Actual Volume using Excess and Ideal Solution Volume calculator uses Volume = Excess Volume+Ideal Solution Volume to calculate the Volume, The Actual Volume using Excess and Ideal Solution Volume formula is defined as the sum of excess volume and ideal solution volume. Volume is denoted by VT symbol.
How to calculate Actual Volume using Excess and Ideal Solution Volume using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Actual Volume using Excess and Ideal Solution Volume, enter Excess Volume (VE) & Ideal Solution Volume (Vid) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Actual Volume using Excess and Ideal Solution Volume calculation can be explained with given input values -> 63 = 33+30.