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Flow in Open Channels

Formulas : 19 Size : 336 kb

Contents of the Flow Regime PDF

List of 17 Flow Regime Formulas

Circumferential stress developed in pipe wall

Coefficient of contraction for sudden contraction

Discharge in Equivalent Pipe

Force required to accelerate water in pipe

Longitudinal Stress developed in Pipe wall

Retarding force for gradual closure of valves

Time required to close Valve for Gradual Closure of Valves

Time taken by pressure wave to travel

Velocity at Outlet for Head Loss at Exit of Pipe

Velocity at section 1-1 for sudden enlargement

Velocity at section 2-2 for sudden contraction

Velocity at section 2-2 for sudden enlargement

Velocity of Flow at Outlet of Nozzle

Velocity of Flow at outlet of Nozzle for Efficiency and Head

Velocity of Fluid for Head Loss due to Obstruction in Pipe

Velocity of fluid in pipe for head loss at entrance of pipe

Velocity of liquid at vena-contracta

Variables used in Flow Regime PDF

A Cross Sectional Area of Pipe (Square Meter)
A' Maximum Area of Obstruction (Meter)
a₂ Nozzle Area at Outlet (Square Meter)
a_l Acceleration of Liquid (Meter per Square Second)
C Velocity of Pressure Wave (Meter per Second)
C_c Coefficient of Contraction in Pipe
D Diameter of Pipe (Meter)
D_eq Diameter of Equivalent Pipe (Meter)
F Force (Newton)
F_r Retarding Force on Liquid in Pipe (Newton)
H_bn Head at Base of Nozzle (Meter)
h_c Loss of Head Sudden Contraction (Meter)
h_e Loss of Head Sudden Enlargement (Meter)
h_i Head Loss at Pipe Entrance (Meter)
H_l Loss of Head in Equivalent Pipe (Meter)
h_o Head Loss at Pipe Exit (Meter)
H_o Loss of Head Due to Obstruction in Pipe (Meter)
I Intensity of Pressure of Wave (Newton per Square Meter)
L Length of Pipe (Meter)
M_w Mass of Water (Kilogram)
p Pressure Rise at Valve (Newton per Square Meter)
Q Discharge through Pipe (Cubic Meter per Second)
t Time Taken to Travel (Second)
t_c Time Required to Close Valve (Second)
t_p Thickness of Liquid Carrying Pipe (Meter)
v Velocity (Meter per Second)
V₁' Velocity of Fluid at Section 1 (Meter per Second)
V₂' Velocity of Fluid at Section 2 (Meter per Second)
V_c Velocity of Liquid Vena Contracta (Meter per Second)
V_f Flow Velocity through Pipe (Meter per Second)
η_n Efficiency for Nozzle
μ Coefficient of Friction of Pipe
ρ' Density of Fluid Inside the Pipe (Kilogram per Cubic Meter)
σ_c Circumferential Stress (Newton per Square Meter)
σ_l Longitudinal Stress (Newton per Square Meter)

Constants, Functions and Measurements used in Flow Regime PDF

Constant: pi, 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288
Archimedes' constant
Constant: [g], 9.80665
Gravitational acceleration on Earth
Function: sqrt, sqrt(Number)
A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number.
Measurement: Length in Meter (m)
Length Unit Conversion
Measurement: Weight in Kilogram (kg)
Weight Unit Conversion
Measurement: Time in Second (s)
Time Unit Conversion
Measurement: Area in Square Meter (m²)
Area Unit Conversion
Measurement: Pressure in Newton per Square Meter (N/m²)
Pressure Unit Conversion
Measurement: Speed in Meter per Second (m/s)
Speed Unit Conversion
Measurement: Acceleration in Meter per Square Second (m/s²)
Acceleration Unit Conversion
Measurement: Force in Newton (N)
Force Unit Conversion
Measurement: Volumetric Flow Rate in Cubic Meter per Second (m³/s)
Volumetric Flow Rate Unit Conversion
Measurement: Density in Kilogram per Cubic Meter (kg/m³)
Density Unit Conversion
Measurement: Stress in Newton per Square Meter (N/m²)
Stress Unit Conversion

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